They have deprived the lower-caste people of equal opportunities to earn a livelihood, enjoy social mobility, and excel in different fields. Many of the modern surnames in the dictionary can be traced back to Britain and Ireland. At the top is the Syed caste which includes surnames like Geelani, Jeelani, Andrabi, Qadri, Hamdani, Bukhari, Shah, and others. [31], The Balmikis represent 0.7 per cent in Andhra Pradesh and are mainly concentrated in Anantapur, Kurnool and Kadapa districts of Andhra Pradesh. An upper-caste woman might tell her unkempt daughter to tidy herself up so she doesn’t look like a chura, another dalit group. “That is why we have separate colonies like Sheikh Mohallas, where they live in isolation and miserable conditions”. Famous Kashmiri sociologist, late Bashir Ahmed Dabla, in his book tried to explain the detailed nature of castes in Kashmir. Other major communities of the society including the Rajput kings consider the Charan caste as sacred and divine and women are loved and honoured as mother goddesses. Though conflict is the biggest evils for society and people have to deal with it but other issues of a society cannot be ignored. The upper-class Muslims rarely marry people from occupational castes and similarly, people from occupational castes avoid getting married to people from service castes. [35], In the UK, the Council of Valmiki Sabhas UK was established to represent the Balmiki. The caste system is a form of social stratification where, historically, Hindu Indians were grouped by their occupation within society. He further added that people living in these Mohallas are treated as second-class citizens and people of higher class hesitate in hanging out with them at social gatherings. Sheikh is an interesting caste. Families with the names Agrawal, Khandelwal and Mahawars all fall under this varna. The occupation of these people is considered menial. Same surnames in different linguistic race shows migration of Brahmins from one linguistic race to other linguistic race, and adoption of the surnames due to same professions. In the Indian caste system, there are four different varnas, or the major social classes, that caste-based surnames generally fall under. They have many subdivisions. Just like their Hindu brethren they continued with their traditional caste work. While there is rich cultural significance in these Hindu surnames, it is important to highlight the fact that once these families immigrate to the United States or Canada, they are not defined by these social classes. In India the caste system was fully observed by Muslims. The Indian caste system is a complex part of Hindu culture and this only touches the surface of its intricacies. The last group is the service caste with surnames like Hanjis, Waza, Gilkar, Sofi, Dobi, Ganie, Bangi, or Sheikh. The Shudras are the community’s laborers, performing numerous different service jobs. Bhangi is an Indian caste that was previously classed as untouchable. They adopted different measures like ideology, patriotism, religion to keep the lower class divided. New rehabilitation policy for terrorists in Kashmir coming soon? People didn’t know much about that because the people of Kashmir always denied such discrimination and not much information has been produced on such issues. Chuhra, also known as Bhanghi and Balmiki,[1][2] is a Dalit caste in India and Pakistan. If the title is used as a prefix then the person is believed to belong from the upper-caste and if the title is used in the surname then it indicates that the person belongs to the lower rung of society. Sikh Caste Surnames List [16], Originally following the Balmiki sect of Hinduism, many Chuhras converted to Sikhism, Islam and Christianity during the colonial era in India. Do all Indian Americans speak Hindi? The ongoing issue faced by the lower caste in the Kashmir valley has been relegated to the background. In Kashmiri society, the caste system is socially institutionalized and has deep roots. When these people adopted surnames, they turned to the caste system as a means to obtain a family name, thereby adopting names related to a distant ancestor’s occupation. [21], In colonial India, there were waves of conversions to Christianity among the Chuhra and Chamar between the 1870s and 1930s in the Punjab Province and United Provinces of Agra and Oudh. There are many subcategories that fall under the umbrella of the four major varnas, many more names, and even more spelling variations. "Dalit Christians and Caste Consciousness in Pakistan", "Punjab: Data Highlights: The Scheduled Castes", "Delhi: Data Highlights: The Scheduled Castes", "A-10 Individual Scheduled Caste Primary Census Abstract Data and its Appendix - Uttar Pradesh", "Memorandum submitted by Central Valmiki Sabha International (UK)", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chuhra&oldid=986546844, All Wikipedia articles written in Indian English, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 1 November 2020, at 15:06.

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