power. Friedman was more right than his detractors claim and more wrong than his supporters would like us to believe. His research interests span from corporate governance to financial development, from political economy to the economic effects of culture. 177-184). Unfortunately, the Department of Labor is currently trying to prevent asset managers from considering any factor other than financial returns in casting their corporate ballots. The title seems to suggest the second interpretation, but in the text, Friedman focuses mostly on the first. Friedman also suggested that according to him the shareholder theory in terms of socially responsible can only increase the profit. As Eugene F. Fama and John G. Matsusaka correctly point out, the difference between a firm owned by an individual and one owned by a multitude of individuals is the difficulty in reconciling different opinions. Friedman Separation Theorem makes the life of a corporate manager much, much simpler—this is one of its many attractions. After all, in his 1970 piece, he wrote that maximization of profits should be pursued “so long as it stays within the rules of the game, which is to say, engages in open and free competition without deception or fraud.” Thus, the only society in which Friedman’s principle applies is a society where there are no monopolies and where corporations do not have much influence on legislation. When there are multiple owners, they will disagree on what social objectives to pursue. It is ironic that alleged libertarians resort to the coercive power of the state to prevent shareholders from expressing their opinions about the companies they own. In his piece, Alex Edmans correctly compares Friedman’s idea to the celebrated Modigliani and Miller Theorem, a benchmark that every finance student confronts. How to reconcile these preferences? Thus, claiming that Pigouvian taxes will address all the externalities is untenable. Friedman Vs Drucker Milton Friedman and Peter Drucker both were noted management authorities; Milton Friedman primarily was an economist and even won the Nobel Prize in economics in 1976 when the Nobel Prize held more honor than it does today. 46. Managers can invest purely based on financial considerations, to maximize the money the Gates Foundation has to pursue its goals. Consider Google’s choice of how to rank news about political candidates. If the government is unable to fully address the externalities, should managers maximize profits? Why should companies pursue the maximization of monetary returns at the expense of the social goals of their investors? Editor’s note: To mark the 50-year anniversary of Milton Friedman’s influential NYT piece on the social responsibility of business, we are launching a series of articles on the shareholder-stakeholder debate. the size of the entire pie. Influential scholars such as Milton Friedman, Charles Handy, Michael Porter and CK Prahalad: [See p.49] a. Yet, the burden of proof is on We are the real silent majority. to believe that assumption two holds (at least approximately) we need to both price and rules takers. How do we convince a board elected by the shareholders to Third, contracts are complete, in the sense The difference between maximizing shareholder welfare rather than value might appear to be mere semantics, but it is big. Just look at the carbon tax, overwhelmingly supported by economists, but rejected even in the most liberal states of the union.
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