In 1498 Duke Albert of Saxony took over (middle) Friesland by force and changed the language of government from (Anglo-Saxon) Frisian to (Frankish) Dutch.
These traveling Goths split into the East and West Goths, known to history as Ostrogoths and Visigoths, who later roamed to Southern Europe and Iberia (a form of Gothic was still spoken in the Crimea up to the 18th century). Leicester (Ratae Coritanorum)
Moreover, mt-DNA shows that we all originate from a single foremother, initially thought to have lived 5 million years ago, then 500,000 years ago, and more recently less than 50,000 years ago. The name Vlaanderen was formed from a stem flâm-, with a suffix -ðr- attached. Besides historical record, we have DNA today to assist in tracing people movements.
Spread of the Anglo/Frisian (Ingaevonic), German (Herminonic), and Frankish (Istvaeonic) language groups in the early days. Teutonic Mythology, by Jacob Grimm, (1888) Volume 4
The Roman internal decline was followed by the rampage of the Huns under Atilla, an extremely violent and rapacious Asiatic tribe from the east who were only defeated in 451AD by Roman general Flavius Aetius at the Cataluanian Plains (in modern France),
Genealogical and Heraldic Dictionary of the Landed Gentry of Great Britain and Ireland, Volume 2 M - Z, John Burke 1847 (Burkes Peerage 2)
There is, however, no link of English DNA to Welsh DNA (Celtic) as the Harvard article 'Who killed the Men of England' proves, and the English language only ever reportedly borrowed
Renowned linguist Jacob Grimm holds 'the Frisians in every sense the transition of the continental peoples to the Scandinavians' (customs, language, veneration of groves, idol worship) (Teutonic Mythology, Vol 1). https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OeC1yAaWG34, Flemish I think as Afrikaans and Frisian are languages on itself. Standard Dutch is primarily based on the Hollandic dialect [18] (spoken in the Western provinces of the Netherlands) and to a lesser extent on Brabantian, which is the dominant dialect in Flanders, as well as in the south of the Netherlands. here
Likewise in Holland these is 'Salland' (named after the Salian Franks on their decent from the North to modern France), like 'Frankenland' (the Hessian Franks in central Germany).
en de krêft (and the power)
(poetry, specters, devils, magic, superstition, sickness, herbs/stones, spells/charms)
Earlier departure by the Frisians due to closer proximity to Britain (even as Roman cohorts in the first to fourth centuries in Kent, well before the Anglo and Saxon migrations) could explain the many geographically Frisian place names in Britain that we do not seem to find for the other tribes. Visit /r/coronanetherlands for useful information, statistics and more! Frisian uses so many Dutch loan words, and the same grammar, it's basically mutually intelligible.
Map showing counties of England at the time of the Domesday book in 1086, (Note that several current northern counties like Westmoreland, Lancashire, and Cumberland are included in Cheshire, Yorkshire and Lincolnshire in 1086), CL Ewen, History of Surnames of the British Isles (1931), CL Ewen, A Guide to the Origin of British Surnames (1938). many 'English' patronyms in Scotland have their obvious origins in Scandinavian paternal naming habits: Anderson, Ferguson, Johnson, Magnuson, Morrison, Olson, Paterson, Robertson, Thompson, Wilson, etc. Surnames of the British Isles, by Henry Harrison, 1912
Nearly all Englishmen, like Frisians and Scandinavians have grey-blue eyes, as even referred to in popular literature of the day (19th century). Amen. Generally black, the Frisian was around 15hh with strong, cobby conformation, but with a deal more elegance and quality. Manchester (Mamucium)
Frisian is indeed a separate language, Flemish doesn't have that status.
Following are examples of Old Frisian pronoun conjugations. But the emperor made Erik ruler and admiral of the Sea, to keep out the Northmen.
In any case, it appears that the 'archeological disappearance' concerns mostly the area of far West Friesland (present North Holland) and not all parts of (present) West and East Friesland (adjoining coastal Groningen and Germany) DNA research may settle the issue,
References
'British Family Names' - H.Barber (1891). Aspects of Old Frisian Philology, 1840-1890-1990 (Bremmer, v/d Meer, Vries)
(red. The Flemish pronunciation of the Dutch language relates very much to the dialects … It is slowly being accepted by the general population, but it has met with objections from writers and academics who argue that it dilutes the usage of Standard Dutch. the original Frisians are not the same as those of post-Roman times. Yet ancient Frisians disappeared entirely from the map during the period of Roman peace and prosperity (the Pax Romana 50 - 250AD ! The ancient Celts had been displaced from mainland Europe (300 - 50BC), suffering greatly at the hands of Julius Caesar (who took no prisoners) and occupied Britain. lit jo wil dien wurde (let your will be done)
This state of affairs remained for many subsequent years.
A New Step in Old Frisian Lexicography by Popkema: The Altfriesisches Handworterbuch (von Richthofen)
Search Vol 4: 'Frisian'
It is one of the three national languages of Belgium, together with French and German, and is the only official language of the Flemish Region. (author's supplement, Anglo-Saxon genealogies, superstitions, spells
It's relatively easy to read but because of the extreme difference in pronunciation listening and understanding is a lot harder. Flemish is a common name for the varieties of Dutch spoken south of the border. It is the start of the Middle English period, where the Normans, speaking a form of old French, itself a form of Vulgar Latin acquired by Germanic Franks from ancient Romans, introduced legal and administrative terms to manage their conquest. (author's supplement, Anglo-Saxon genealogies, superstitions, spells
Afrikaans has a very similar vocabulary, but a very significantly different grammar. Ewen in 'History of Surnames of the British Isles' mentions Ellis who states (p62) that the Domesday Book of 1086 lists 283,242 people of all classes, of which 111 were Welsh.
Ewen …
Combined with linguistics and modern DNA research, a completer picture can be established of early Germanic peoples, their kinship, customs and language(s). The noted gait was a smooth trot coming from powerful quarters. Under Caesar's reign in 50BC, we find the Germanic tribes established so far westward that the remaining Celts, 'the bravest of whom the Belgae' (ref. Ingwaeonic (Ingaevonic) similarities between English and Frisian include what is referred to as 'Ingwaeonisms', distinct differences from German (Herminonic), Frankish (Istvaeonic) or Scandinavian, as the tables with (pro)nouns, verbs etc lower down clearly confirm.
Silchester (Calleva Atrebatum)
of Frisian handwriting) by Jhr Mr Montanus Hettema (1834), The Frisian Tribe: from Caesar to Charlemagne - good summary, the Germania of Tacitus (here abbr. The originals developed into newer and finally modern versions as shown in the diagram. Outside of Flanders, it is also spoken …
[19] Despite its name, Brabantian is the dominant contributor to the Flemish Dutch tussentaal.
Below are many examples of English and Frisian listed of the various similarities highlighted between either or both English and Scandinavian.
Third is Frisian which is a complete seperate language and the closest living languages to it are English, Scots and Dutch. Among Afrikaans and Frisian, I think Afrikaans is closer to Dutch.
Search Vol 3: 'Frisian'
Islands in the Gallic Ocean. I have unlearn how I've been saying words in my mother tongue. At an earlier stage Julius Caesar mentions these four which lived in the same area as Tacitus later mention of various Germanic tribes: the Condrusi, the Eburones, the Caeroesi and the Paemani. All Dutch dialect groups spoken in Belgium are spoken in adjacent areas of the Netherlands as well. The Dutch people are linguistically and culturally distinct from the Frisian people who also inhabit the Netherlands. 'in control of a large territory but filling it'. Colchester (Camelodumun)
But lace names like 'Wales' and 'Cornwales', and 'Waals (=Walonie or French Belgium) is the Germanic synonym for 'foreign'. It is a recent standard (1637 AD). Friesland eventually joined in 1588 the Republic of Seven United Provinces, later to become the Kingdom of the Netherlands in 1815 after the defeat of the villanous Napoleon. Scand., Frisian, Anglo-Saxon, and Norman names - H.Barber (1891), Dictionary of English Surnames, PH Reaney, RM Wilson, 1958, Walling Dijkstra Friesch Woordenboek, Vol 4, Friesche namen / Frisian names (1898), Sanskrit examples (written but no longer spoken), This table shows the historic relationship of the various European language groups, Frysk = Fries = Frisian = Friesian = Frise = Frieze = Frison = Friesisch = Frizian.
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