In today’s post, we will talk about the IUPAC rules of nomenclature for naming alkanes and alkyl halides. Facebook. %PDF-1.4 �4R�9h��%n�(��=��i�@d�������H.pG"b\�CB0�T�8���.�:5Z�9��Ds�~S /}l_;ٝS8���h@PV��aR��I��Ĵ�� �}l����q�i���) The substituent can be a carbon fragment, and these are called alkyl groups, or any other functional group such as a halide, an OH, a nitro group etc. If the ring has more carbons than the chain, then it is the parent chain: Notice that the carbons in the ring belong to the ring only. By. If you are already registered, upgrade your subscription to CS Prime under your account settings. Identify and name the parent in each of the following compounds: Provide a systematic name for each of the following compounds: This content is for registered users only. 0000011406 00000 n
If numbering the alkyl groups does not break the tie, then the substituent with the alphabetical priority gets the lower locant: For example, having a bromine and chlorine on both ends of hexane bring up the need of prioritizing the substituents based on their alphabetical order. The following two compounds are both methylpentanes but they are clearly not identical: And, in order to distinguish them, we need to specify the location of the methyl group. Step 3. 0000001223 00000 n
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Alkanes are often referred to as saturated hydrocarbons. In this case, we have a methyl and an ethyl group. x��]I�Gv���+��0���=�>q8�)��M�$�Mt7�n� 4Dr~�����eV .��%��~o���nX�n��¿7�W��_Luw���W��N�j\
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4�'�ݨ8������-5� F|�$� `Z{ܗ��b�>�I��D(������,a{+5 Alkyl groups are formed by removing one hydrogen from the corresponding alkane and are named based on this alkane by simply changing the ending from –ane to -yl. Notice that for the second compound, it does not matter where we start the numbering, since it is a symmetric molecule and either way the methyl group gets number 3: A few additional details to point out when writing the name of a compound: 1) Numbers and words are separated by a dash line, 2) Words are not separated by any sing or a space. Now, let’s add another methyl group next to the first one: Again, you have two options for numbering the parent chain. However, notice also that a number to specify the position of the alkyl groups is included in the final name. Let’s also consider the other option of having two methyl groups on pentane: Notice that, in this case, regardless where we start the numbering, the first methyl gets locant 2, and the second one gets 4. 0000001810 00000 n
For example, in the following molecule, it is easy to spot the ethyl group but a naming the second substituents needs following certain rules. And because 2,3,6 is better than 2,5,6, the correct name of this molecule is 2,3,6-trimethylheptane. Now, the question comes – what if there is a third substituent and it does matter where to start numbering? [PDF] Allen chemistry download. you cannot count the carbon twice or include in the carbon chain. Naming Organic Compounds Practice EXERCISES A. It’s all here – Just keep browsing. 0000001359 00000 n
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Essentially, you need to look at the complex substituent as a separate molecule and find its “parent chain” and the alkyl groups on it. Step 2. The complications and need for rules arise when the molecules get branched out. You can also subscribe without commenting. If the ring and the chain have equal number of carbon atoms, the ring gets a priority and is considered as the parent chain. For example, if we start numbering the carbons of the molecule, we discussed above, from the methyl substituent, we can only have a continuous chain of four carbons. This group is considered a substituent; an additional group that is on the “main part” of the molecule. 0000035591 00000 n
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To summarize this observation, when there is a tie for the location of the first substituent, compare the second one, then the third till you find a tiebreak if there is one. Put the parent chain and substituents together by placing the substituents in alphabetical order! Alkane compounds end in –ane.
handout will cover how to correctly name alkanes using IUPAC methods. 0000009204 00000 n
Therefore, the parent chain is pentane and the substituent is a methyl group. This means that even though the methyl group is at position 2, the ethyl group with the locant 6 is still placed before it: None of the prefixes such as di, tri, tetra, sec-, tert- are considered for alphabetical priority except the -iso. 0000003809 00000 n
5. Sometimes, we run out of the common names for the substituents such as sec-butyl, tert-butyl, iso-butyl but we still need to name a substituent that is larger than usual. Share. Notify me of followup comments via e-mail. 0000002251 00000 n
The first thing you need to do before learning the IUPAC rules for systematic nomenclature is making sure you know the names of the first ten alkanes: Assuming you have already mastered those, let’s draw a structure and name it simply based on the molecular formula: The compound has five carbons with no multiple bonds, therefore the formula is C5H12 and based on the common names, we can see that it is pentane. Naming’and’Drawing’Alkenes’Worksheet’and’Key’ 1)##Draw#and#name#the#cis#and#trans#condensed#structure#of:# cis#condensed#structure:# trans#condensed#structure:# name:#### # name:# # 2.#Name#the#following#alkenes#(include#cis<#or#trans<#forthe#alkenes#thatwhen#appropriate)#
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