It should also reassure participants that they have the right to [blank_start]withhold[blank_end] information, and that they can be provided counselling if necessary.
Experimental Design: 1. | PDF | 218 KB, Question paper (Modified A4 18pt) (A-level): Involves identifying implicit or explicit ideas from data. - June
Name two advantages of the independent group design, Name two disadvantages of the independent groups design, Name two advantages of the repeated measures design, Name two disadvantages of the repeated measures design, Name two advantages of the matched pairs design, Name two disadvantages of the matched pairs design. Question paper (Modified A3 36pt) (A-level): Paper 2 Psychology in context - June 2018 Published 1 May 2019 | PDF | 421 KB Examiner report (A-level): Paper 2 Psychology in context - … What are the strengths of a lab experiment? 2018, Examiner report (AS):
3. Standardisation: all participants must have [blank_start]the same[blank_end] environment, information and experience. Can't be precisely replicated. The use of a variety of methods to collect data on the same concept. Random sampling: [blank_start]all[blank_end] members of target population [blank_start]have equal[blank_end] chance of being selected. Soften excited in controlled conditions so share same strengths as lab studies.
Use same interviewer/all interviewers trained in the same way/use structured interview. | PDF | 69 KB, Examiner report (A-level): For example, giving researchers lists of words to remember, giving them another task to prevent rehearsal, then testing their recall of the information.
2018, Published 1 May 2019
Generalising research findings to different people or different environments. The target population: a [blank_start]subset[blank_end] of general population e.g.
Covers all topics in the AQA Psychology textbook, including researchers, evaluations and theories.
Some questions may need to be rewritten/changed to closed questions after a Test-retest. Volunteer sampling: involves the researcher advertising the study, and participants selecting [blank_start]themselves[blank_end] to take part (volunteer)z, Name three disadvantages of random sampling, Name two advantages of systematic sampling, Name two advantages of stratified sampling, Strata identifies all ways people are different, Name a disadvantage of stratified sampling, Name an advantage of opportunity sampling, Name two disadvantages of opportunity sampling, Name a disadvantage of volunteer sampling. [blank_start]Repeated[blank_end] measures: [blank_start]one group[blank_end], does both the control condition and the experimental condition. When previous research suggests a particular outcome, they'd use a non-directional hypothesis. What are the main features of a case study? Saj Devshi here from www.loopa.co.uk - The best place for AQA Psychology revision. This website works best with JavaScript switched on. Likely to be more descriptive than simple coded content analysis to collect quantitative data. May lack generalisability and external validity. Non-participant observation: researcher [blank_start]doesn't become [blank_end]a member of group whose behaviour he/she is recording. How can you make experiments more reliable?
Demand characteristics are any cues from the researcher or from the research situation that may be interpreted by participants as revealing the study's purpose and may lead to participants altering their behaviour, whereas an extraneous variable is any variable other than the IV that may affect the DV if uncontrolled. 2018, Published 1 May 2019 Wider picture lost). How can you make an interview more reliable?
| PDF | 590 KB, Question paper (Modified A3 36pt) (A-level): Field experiment: takes place in a [blank_start]natural[blank_end] setting in which the [blank_start]researcher[blank_end] manipulates the IV. - June Controlled observations [blank_start]can't[blank_end] be easily generalised, but extraneous variables are [blank_start]less[blank_end] common so replication is [blank_start]easier[blank_end], {"ad_unit_id":"App_Resource_Leaderboard","width":728,"height":90,"rtype":"Quiz","rmode":"canonical","placement":2,"sizes":"[[[0, 0], [[970, 250], [970, 90], [728, 90]]]]","custom":[{"key":"env","value":"production"},{"key":"rtype","value":"Quiz"},{"key":"rmode","value":"canonical"},{"key":"placement","value":2},{"key":"uauth","value":"f"},{"key":"uadmin","value":"f"},{"key":"ulang","value":"en"},{"key":"ucurrency","value":"usd"}]}. - June
This is bias. A pilot study is a small-scale version of the actual investigation. The sample: a small group that is ideally representative of the [blank_start]target[blank_end] population.
She was found aged 13; she was severely malnourished, could not stand properly or walk normally, could not understand any language, and could not speak.
- June How can you improve the validity of a questionnaire? One group does control condition, other does experimental condition. Operationalised behaviour categories, pilot study and training of observers. A type of observational research in which people are studied indirectly via the communications they have produced. Operationalised variables, rigorous and specific methods; detailed reports so that others can replicate the work. This includes standardised [blank_start]instructions[blank_end]. They [blank_start]do not vary[blank_end] systematically with the IV. - June Identify and outline two sections of a scientific report. She spent almost her entire childhood locked in a bedroom, isolated and abused for over a decade. | PDF | 887 KB, Question paper (AS):
Involves manipulation of of an independent variable to measure the effect on the dependent variable. People who drink caffeine will be more intelligent than people who don't. Protection from [blank_start]harm[blank_end]: participants should not suffer any form of harm during the experiment. 2.
To deal with informed consent, researchers should send a consent [blank_start]letter[blank_end], and only go ahead when this is signed. Research can be easily repeated as there wi…
Which technique is used to minimise the effects of extraneous/confounding variables on an outcome? A general statement of what the researcher intends to investigate; the purpose of the study. 2018, Published 1 May 2019 Question paper (A-level):
| PDF | 421 KB, Examiner report (A-level): It can be justified if it means participants' behaviour is more [blank_start]natural[blank_end] and they are not suffering. How can you improve the validity of an observation?
Paper 2 Psychology in context
Topic 4: Approaches in Psychology. May be subject to demand characteristics and lack mundane realism.
A sampling frame (alphabetised list of target population) is produced and every nth person is selected.
(3). Where there's no previous research, or the findings from earlier studies are contradictory.
A self-contained, clear and concise summary of the research including the aim, hypothesis, method/procedure, results and conclusions. Demand characteristics: in which the participant guesses the [blank_start]aim[blank_end] of a study, and then acts accordingly e.g. - June
How can you improve the validity of an experiment? Usually the most reliable method, but need to ensure all conditions are controlled for all Ps. Some images used in this set are licensed under the Creative Commons through Flickr.com.Click to see the original works with their full license.
A theme is any idea that keeps 'cropping up' as part of the communication.
- June
Opportunity sampling: selecting anyone who is [blank_start]willing[blank_end] and able to participate. Hypothesis: a [blank_start]testable[blank_end] statement that states the relationship between the [blank_start]variables[blank_end] being investigated. As one variable increases so does the other. Overt observation: participants' behaviour is recorded and watched [blank_start]with[blank_end] their knowledge and consent.
People who drink more caffeine will differ in terms of intelligence when compared to people who don't drink caffeine. A Level Psychology past paper revision at MME. Extraneous variables: any variable other than the [blank_start]IV[blank_end] which may have an effect on the [blank_start]DV[blank_end].
Consistency.
I found this immensely useful in helping me achieve an A* grade as what I did was I would go over these questions while cross-comparing against the mark scheme. Matched pairs: choosing one group, then choosing another to [blank_start]match[blank_end] participants in the first group (e.g.
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Paper 1 Introductory topics in psychology [blank_start]Randomisation[blank_end] refers to the use of [blank_start]chance[blank_end] wherever possible during an experiment to reduce investigator effects.
Controlled observation: watching and recording behaviour within a [blank_start]structured[blank_end] environment e.g. This also involves identifying any [blank_start]issues[blank_end] so they can be modified in order to save time and money in the future.
Here you will find AQA A Level Psychology Past Papers and Mark Schemes for the new specification from 2015. Psychology deals with living matter - conscious and reasoning human beings. Paper 2 Psychology in context Results are compared. The belief that all knowledge should be derived from sensory experiences.
| PDF | 964 KB, Question paper (Modified A3 36pt) (A-level): Stated at outset of any study.
Selection of participants, the materials, the instructions etc. Can't randomly allocate Ps to conditions and therefore there may be a confounding variable.
This means participants can't [blank_start]give informed consent[blank_end]. This website uses cookies to improve your experience. What 3 things you need to know to be able to choose a statistical test? Level of measurement where data is ordered in some way. | PDF | 1.4 MB, Question paper (A-level):
Laboratory:Conducted in a highly controlled environment. Each person is added to a list and then given a number, and the sample is generated via a [blank_start]computer[blank_end] (e.g. Investigator effects: how the [blank_start]researcher[blank_end]'s behaviour influences a participant's behaviour e.g. I have adapted an old booklet I found and updated it with the latest research method questions. A non-directional hypothesis: simply states that there will be a difference, but not the [blank_start]type[blank_end] e.g. It can make a study seem [blank_start]unnatural[blank_end] if the participant knows the aims.