Stressed systems due to multiple disease outbreaks, conflict, rumours and distrust contribute to the measles crisis.”. Before the measles mass vaccination program was introduced, nearly everyone contracted measles and obtained lifetime immunity by age 15. “But we can turn the tide against these outbreaks through collective action, robust political commitment, and closing critical funding gaps.

The clinical significance of measles: a review. Uylangco CV, Beroy GJ, Santiago LT, Mercoleza VD, Mendoza SL. “Hesitancy is high on our radar screen and on our risk register now and into the future.

Babies and very young children are at greatest risk from measles infections, with potential complications including pneumonia and encephalitis (a swelling of the brain), as well as lifelong disability - permanent brain damage, blindness or hearing loss. 209-15. Worldwide, coverage with measles vaccine is not adequate to prevent outbreaks. Founded in 2001, the Initiative has helped vaccinate over 2.9 billion children and save over 21 million lives by increasing vaccination coverage, improving disease response, monitoring and evaluation, and building public confidence and demand for immunization.

1).2,5 Malnutrition, especially vitamin A deficiency, is a primary cause of about 90,000 measles deaths annually in underdeveloped nations.6 In the U.S. and other developed countries, 75–92% of hospitalized measles cases are low in vitamin A.7,8. Montella M, Maso LD, Crispo A, Talamini R, Bidoli E, Grimaldi M, Giudice A, Pinto A, Franceschi S. Do childhood diseases affect NHL and HL risk? While the greatest impacts have been in the poorest countries, some wealthier countries have also been battling measles outbreaks, with significant ramifications for people’s health. Data analysis herein is based on total measles cases (both reported and unreported). Global measles elimination . Measles elimination is defined as the absence of endemic measles virus transmission in a region or other defined geographical area for more than 12 months. 1 in 80,000 or 0.00125% of cases result in permanent disability from measles encephalitis. “The fact that any child dies from a vaccine-preventable disease like measles is frankly an outrage and a collective failure to protect the world’s most vulnerable children,” said Dr Tedros Adhanom Ghebreysus, Director-General of the World Health Organization. Epidemiology and prevention of vaccine-preventable diseases. Washington, D.C.: Regional Office for the Americas of the World Health Organization. Washington D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office;1968. J Infect Dis. 2007 Mar;161(3):294-301. These five countries accounted for almost half of all measles cases worldwide. “These estimates remind us that every child, everywhere needs – and deserves - this life-saving vaccine.

2009 Mar;123(3):771-8. Measles severity and serum retinol (vitamin A) concentration among children in the United States. Great progress has been made toward measles elimination From 2000-2017*: • Reported measles incidence decreased 83%, from 145 to 25 cases per million persons • Annual estimated measles deaths decreased 80% (21.1 million deaths prevented) *Source: MMWR: “While hesitancy and complacency are challenges to overcome, the largest measles outbreaks have hit countries with weak routine immunization and health systems. Anti-vax activists appear to have stoked the doubt; Robert F Kennedy Jr, a prominent anti-vaxxer, visited the island in June. 2013 Oct;60(10):E122-4.

However, nearly 90% of measles cases are benign and not reported to the CDC.

Measles and atopy in Guinea-Bissau. Pediatrics. These deaths occurred as measles cases surged globally, amidst devastating outbreaks in all regions.
M&RI is a global partnership founded by the American Red Cross, the CDC, the United Nations Foundation, UNICEF and WHO, that is committed to achieving and maintaining a world without measles, rubella and congenital rubella syndrome. Vital statistic rates in the United States 1940-1960. It is very sobering. While estimates provide a useful indication of measles impacts and longer-term trends, reported cases provide real-time insights and comparisons. MMWR.

Langmuir AD, Henderson DA, Serfling RE, Sherman IL. “To save lives, we must ensure everyone can benefit from vaccines - which means investing in immunization and quality health care as a right for all.”. This article is more than 10 months old. The Measles & Rubella Initiative (M&RI) – which includes the American Red Cross, CDC, UNICEF, the United Nations Foundation and WHO – as well as Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance, are helping countries respond to measles outbreaks, such as through emergency vaccination campaigns. Updated Dec 2019.

Grove RD; Hetzel AM; U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare.
Pal G. Effects of ribavirin on measles. 2011 Sep;109(9):666-7. 2015 August;241(2):682-6. 1990;39(21):353-5,361-3. Lancet. Most deaths were among children under 5 years of age.


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