Facts about Australian Federation talk about the system of federalism in Australia. The lavish ceremony took place in the Exhibition Building, Melbourne, and was attended by over 12 000 guests. If this failed to break the deadlock, it could be put to a vote in a joint sitting of both houses. They are printed with 'New South Wales', 'Queensland' and 'Victoria'. He and other dignitaries stand on a platform looking down on a great crowd. By federation in 1901 over three-quarters of the population were Australian-born. The following year the Bathurst Federation League, frustrated by the inaction of the colonial parliaments, held a second people's conference at which over 150 delegates renewed calls for a new federation convention. Punch, National Museum of Australia. Lord Hopetoun being sworn in as the Australian Governor-General. Among these was the decision to establish the Australian national capital within New South Wales at least 100 miles (160.9 km) from Sydney. It called for a national convention—formal meeting—to draft a constitution for a Commonwealth of Australia. He was the earliest supporter of the colonies of Australia-What was his famous speech about? Six men each carrying a rolled-up piece of paper rush across the centre of the country towards New South Wales Premier Sire George Reid standing on the steps of the New South Wales Parliament House. Eighty-seven of the 111 newly elected parliamentarians had been members of colonial parliaments, including 14 who had been colonial premiers. The power to make and manage federal law was to be divided between the. The Commonwealth of Australia Constitution Act 1900 was passed by the British Parliament on 5 July 1900. New South Wales Premier George Reid publicly criticised the proposed constitution but said he would vote for it in the referendum, earning him the nickname 'Yes-No Reid'. connection to land, culture and community. The newly elected Parliament could then vote on the issue. (Switzerland had held a referendum to approve changes to its constitution in 1874). The Royal Exhibition Building in Melbourne is the site of the first sitting of Federal parliament. A colour poster for a lottery with £1500 in prizes. They argued abolishing tariffs and creating a single market would strengthen the economy of each colony. We are one people – with one destiny. The formation of the Australian federation only gained a little support in the mid 19th century. The first Parliament of the Commonwealth of Australia was opened at noon on 9 May 1901 by the Duke of Cornwall and York (later King George V). Flags are drapped from the mezzanine level of the Exhibition Building. Do you have questions on facts about Australian federation? Key features of the draft constitution included: The convention delegates took the draft constitution back to their colonial parliaments for consideration and approval. Tariffs increased the cost of goods and made it hard for manufacturers based outside a colony to compete with local producers. Members of parliament were sworn-in by the Governor-General and then travelled by foot and horse-drawn carriage to Victoria's Parliament House. As soon as the Federation happened, Sir Edmund Barton was put in charge as Prime Minister of Australia until the first Australian elections were held. The idea of becoming an Australian was very popular from time to time. Australia was the first nation to take a proposed constitution to the people for approval. Australia became a nation on 1 January 1901 when 6 British colonies—New South Wales, Victoria, Queensland, South Australia, Western Australia and Tasmania—united to form the Commonwealth of Australia. Once it realised the other colonies would go ahead without it, the Western Australian colonial parliament reversed its opposition to federation. A high court to interpret the constitution and resolve disputes between the federal and state governments. Public opinion in Western Australia had also shifted. This system was established after the six colonies in Australia agreed to establish the commonwealth of Australia. The new draft also set the number of members of the House of Representatives as roughly twice the number of senators. -Henry parks was a politician and was and still is remembered as the father of federation. Interestingly, Australia is both a country and a continent. When the Constitution of Australia came into force, on 1 January 1901, the colonies became states of the Commonwealth of Australia. On 16 March 1898 the convention agreed to the draft constitution. The process of making the commonwealth of Australia also involved New Zealand and Fiji at the first time. Get more facts about the federation of Australia by reading the following post below: The matters involving the whole nation will be the main concern of the federal government. An umpire watches on. The Victorian Parliament House remained the temporary home of federal Parliament until 1927, when a new Parliament House was opened in Canberra. The convention spent 5 weeks discussing and writing a draft constitution, which became the basis for the constitution we have today. Six men (including Edmund Barton, fourth from left in the top hat) are seated on chairs. The colonies were almost like 6 separate countries; for example, each had its own government and laws, its own defence force, issued its own stamps and collected tariffs—taxes—on goods that crossed its borders. In June 1898 referendums were held in New South Wales, Victoria, South Australia and Tasmania. An overwhelming majority of voters agreed to federate, with double the number of 'yes' votes than 'no' votes. During the process, the Premier of New South Wales named Sir Henry Parkes played an important part. Elected and appointed representatives from all the colonies except Queensland took part in the convention. Governor of Queensland Lord Lamington reading the Queen's proclamation on Federation in Brisbane. Senators would be directly elected by the people of each state instead of being selected by state parliaments. Free traders were among the most vocal supporters of federation. Convinced the colonies would be stronger if they united, Sir Henry Parkes gave a rousing address at Tenterfield, New South Wales in 1889 calling for 'a great national government for all Australians'. The movement of federation was very serious in the end of 1880s. He found the colonies did not have enough soldiers, weapons or ammunition to adequately defend themselves. Judges, military personel, accademics, women and lawyers can be seen in the crowd. At that time, he was the Colonial Secretary of New South Wales. Queensland, fearing federation might mean the loss of its Pacific Islander labour force, decided not to take part. Photo: Dragi Markovic, In the cente of a ring of kangaroos stands a lion wearing a green jacket and carrying a cricket bat. The first federal elections for the new Australian Parliament were held on 29 and 30 March 1901. The Brisbane Courier welcomed the result and urged all Queenslanders to now unite under 'The Coming Commonwealth': Australia is born: The Australian nation is a fact … Now is accomplished the dream of a continent for a people and a people for a continent. In January 1899 the colonial premiers met privately to work out a way to bring about federation. Several had also participated in the drafting of the Constitution and were active in the push for federation—10 had been at the 1891 National Australasian Convention and 25 attended the second National Australasian Convention. Political cartoon from 1900 that shows the colonies of New Zealand and Fiji rejecting the offer to join the Federation, with Zealandia referencing Australia's origins as a penal colony. When the Constitution of Australia came into force, on 1 January 1901, the colonies became states of the Commonwealth of Australia. In the South West of the country (where Perth is located) Western Australian Premier John Forrest looks on while putting a piece of gold in his pocket. Check the information about the anti imperialist uprising in Facts about Boxer Rebellion. 86 Interesting facts about Australia. Australian dollar (AUD) is its official currency. The sign reads One people, one destiny. The Senate then met at 1.10pm in the Legislative Council and the House of Representatives met at 2.30pm in the Legislative Assembly for the first session of federal Parliament. The level of nationalism among the people in Australia increased. People had been trying to get the colonies to join together in a federation of Australia during the 1850s and 1860s. The Parliamentary Education Office (PEO) educates Australians about, and inspires their enthusiasm for, Australia’s parliamentary democracy. People feared the colonies could be vulnerable to attack from other nations with larger populations and military forces. The colonies had even built railways using different gauges, which complicated the transport of people and goods across the continent. The kangaroos wear blue and white stiped jackets with a yellow waist band. The colonies thought a united defence force could better protect Australia. Australia's federation came about through a process of deliberation, consultation and debate. The federation of Australia was the way that the six separate British colonies of New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria and Western Australia joined together to become one country.

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