In addition, the amount of armour that had to be devoted to her armament meant that much of her hull was unprotected. The same model of turret might be fitted to several different aircraft types. In the 1890s, armoured hoods (also known as "gun houses") were added to barbettes; these rotated with the platform (hence the term "hooded barbette"). Cookies help us deliver our Services. In the British Royal Navy, these would be letters: "A" and "B" were for the turrets from the front of the ship backwards in front of the bridge, and letters near the end of the alphabet (i.e., "X", "Y", etc.) A German built 190 mm gun turret at Fort Copacabana in Brazil, completed in 1914. Coles enlisted the support of Prince Albert, who wrote to the first Lord of the Admiralty, the Duke of Somerset, supporting the construction of a turret ship. [12] Direct hits at the turret with heavy shot also had the potential to bend the spindle, which could also jam the turret. The majority of pre-dreadnought battleships carried four main guns, in two twin-gun turrets, one fore and one aft, giving them a four-gun broadside. Usually the radio alphabet was used on naming the turrets (e.g. Press question mark to learn the rest of the keyboard shortcuts. First, it was armed with only 15 inch guns, not 16, and second the Nazi regime was more willing to cheat on the treaty limits. Wing turrets were commonplace on capital ships and cruisers during the late 19th century up until the early 1910s. Sir Edward James Reed, went on to design and build HMS Monarch, the first seagoing warship to carry her guns in turrets. The following month a special committee of the Admiralty Air Department, among whom was Flight Commander T.G. These presented the opportunity to concentrate firepower in fewer, better-sited positions by eliminating redundancy, in other words combining the firepower of those guns unable to engage an enemy because they sited on the wrong beam into a more powerful, and more versatile unified battery. I'm not really aware of any battle where turret layout was considered decisive. [8] The turret's rounded shape helped to deflect cannon shot. [v], Secondary turrets were named "P" and "S" (port and starboard) and numbered from fore to aft, e.g. The Royal Naval Air Service (RNAS) raised the first British armoured car squadron during the First World War. Dreadnought, and all British battleships until Neptune didn't have superfiring turrets. A very similar layout was also employed on the cruisers the US built in the inter-war period. A similar advancement was in the Kongō-class battlecruisers and Queen Elizabeth-class battleships, which dispensed with the "Q" turret amidships in favour of heavier guns in fewer mountings. A small turret, or sub-turret set on top of a larger one, is called a cupola. The US B-29 Superfortress had four remote controlled turrets, comprising two dorsal and two ventral turrets. Hetherington, designed the superstructure which consisted of armoured bodywork and a single fully rotating turret holding a regular water cooled Vickers machine gun. If you're expecting to fight chases, as the French did with the Dunkerque class, then putting all your armament forwards is a good idea. You can use Markdown in comments! During the Second World War, some of the artillery pieces in the Atlantic Wall fortifications, such as the Cross-Channel guns, were large naval guns housed in turrets. Its existing broadside guns were replaced with four turrets on a flat deck and the ship was fitted with 5.5 inches (140 mm) of armour in a belt around the waterline. For other combat vehicles, the turrets are equipped with other weapons dependent on role. Crick, Timothy (2012) Ramparts of Empire: The Fortifications of Sir William Jervois, Royal Engineer 1821–1897, University of Exeter Press, Learn how and when to remove this template message, a hemispherical, clear rotating "astrodome", 'land battleship' which was actually produced and fought in defence of the Soviet Union, Royal Commission on the Defence of the United Kingdom, 1970s era Swedish coastal artillery battery, Graphic of usage and stowage positions for B-17G chin turret control yoke, Lone Sentry's Bendix B-17 chin turret manual and details, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gun_turret&oldid=980912049, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles needing additional references from September 2009, All articles needing additional references, Articles with disputed statements from April 2017, Articles with unsourced statements from September 2016, Articles with unsourced statements from August 2016, All Wikipedia articles written in Canadian English, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, "ventral" – underneath the fuselage, often on US heavy bombers, a. In time the number of turrets carried and the number of guns mounted increased. Bearing in mind that shells can weigh around a ton, the hoists have to be powerful and rapid; a 15-inch turret of the type in the animation was expected to perform a complete loading and firing cycle in a minute.[20]. Those that saw combat during the early part of World War II performed poorly and the concept was soon dropped. Ericsson later admitted that this was a serious flaw in the ship's design and that the pilot house should have been placed atop the turret. A modern self-propelled gun mounts a large artillery gun but less armour. I've looked a bit, but can't find Japanese or Russian practices easily. Coles submitted a design for a ship having ten domed turrets each housing two large guns. The Bismark layout was essentially a repeat of the last Imperial battleship class. The Admiralty Pier Turret was built to protect the port of Dover in 1882. The superfiring or superimposed arrangement had not been proven until after South Carolina went to sea, and it was initially feared that the weakness of the previous Virginia-class ship's stacked turrets would repeat itself. With the advent of the South Carolina-class battleships in 1908, the main battery turrets were designed so as to superfire, to improve fire arcs on centerline mounted weapons.

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