He lies, the fool; I have deceived him ten times and more. [34], Coat of arms of Ferdinand II, in La Aljafería in Zaragoza. Pauline, made princess of Guastalla in 1806, fell into temporary disfavor with her brother because of her hostility to Empress Marie Louise, but when Napoleon's fortune failed, Pauline, the only sibling to join him in exile on Elba, showed herself more loyal than any of his other sisters and brothers. Augusta and Carl had a very happy marriage despite the obstacles and they were known for their hospitality and lavish lifestyle. A woman of great beauty and a notoriously promiscuous seductress, she was the subject of considerable scandal. So, when King Ferdinand died on 23 January 1516, his daughter Joanna inherited the Crown of Aragon, and his grandson Charles became Governor General (regent). The two young monarchs were initially obliged to fight a civil war against Joan of Castile (also known as Juana la Beltraneja), the purported daughter of Henry IV, and were swiftly successful. The marriage produced two sons. Although the French were victorious against Venice at the Battle of Agnadello, the League of Cambrai soon fell apart, as both the Pope and Ferdinand II became suspicious of French intentions. Ferdinand's grandson and successor Charles, was to inherit not only the Spanish lands of his maternal grandparents, but the Austrian and Burgundian lands of his paternal family, which would make his heirs the most powerful rulers on the continent and, with the discoveries and conquests in the Americas and elsewhere, of the first truly global Empire. Nun at Madrigal de las Altas Torres. Her restless ambition was still unsatisfied; the birth of Napoleon's son destroyed her hope of succession for her own son. But the Treaty of Villafáfila did not hold for long because of the death of Philip; Ferdinand returned as regent of Castile and as "lord of the Indies". Some time before 1502 Andreas Palaiologos, the last exiled claimant to the Byzantine throne of his house, sold his titles and royal and imperial rights to Ferdinand. With his wife Isabella I the Catholic (whom he married 19 October 1469), King Ferdinand had seven children: With his second wife, Germaine of Foix, niece of Louis XII of France After his son-in-law Philip's untimely death in September 1506, Castile was in crisis. Ferdinand violated the 1491 Treaty of Granada peace treaty in 1502 by dismissing the clearly guaranteed religious freedom for Mudéjar Muslims. The crown of Aragon he inherited in 1479 included the kingdoms of Majorca, Sardinia, Sicily, and Valencia, as well as the Principality of Catalonia. Ferdinand allied with various Italian princes and with Emperor Maximilian I to expel the French by 1496 and install Alfonso's son, Ferdinand II, on the Neapolitan throne. In March 1492, the monarchs issued the Edict of Expulsion of the Jews, also called the Alhambra Decree,[8] a document which ordered all Jews either to be baptised and convert to Christianity or to leave the country. Ferdinand moved quickly after his wife's death to continue his role in Castile. Learn more about the mythic conflict between the Argives and the Trojans. [34], 15th and 16th-century King of Aragon, Sicily, Naples, and Valencia. She spend most of her life in Denmark. Joanna was allegedly mentally unstable, and Joanna's and Philip's son, Charles, the future Emperor Charles V, was only six years old. – 1550). Ferdinand was born in Sada Palace, Sos del Rey Católico, Kingdom of Aragon, as the son of John II of Aragon (whose family was a cadet branch of the House of Trastámara) by his second wife, Juana Enríquez. Ferdinand II died on 23 January 1516 in Madrigalejo, Extremadura, Kingdom of Castile and Leon. He died in exile in Italy. He is entombed at Capilla Real, Granada. [12] Ferdinand had served as the latter's regent during her absence in the Netherlands, ruled by her husband Archduke Philip. This was also practised by the Spanish inquisitors on the converso Marrano Jewish population of Spain. Napoleon's youngest brother, Jérôme, 1784–1860, served in the navy and was sent to the West Indies. Finally, the Castilian Regent, Cardinal Jiménez de Cisneros accepted the fait accompli, and the Castilian and Aragonese Cortes paid homage to him[21] as King of Aragon jointly with his mother.[22]. He reluctantly married (1802) Hortense de Beauharnais . In 1469, he married Infanta Isabella, the future queen of Castile, which was regarded as the marital and political "cornerstone in the foundation of the Spanish monarchy". Our editors update and regularly refine this enormous body of information to bring you reliable information. 1492 was also the year in which the monarchs commissioned Christopher Columbus to find a westward maritime route for access to Asia, which resulted in the Spanish arrival in the Americas. Dansk Biografisk Lexikon, First edition by C.F Bricka, Hereditary Prince Frederick of Denmark and Norway, Princess Marie Luise Charlotte of Hesse-Kassel, http://img.kb.dk/iti/30/pdf/iti_30_0517.pdf, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Auguste_Sophie_Friederike_of_Hesse-Kassel&oldid=975660599, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Wilhelm Carl Ferdinand Christian von Blixen-Finecke and Wilhelm Carl Anna Otto Gunnar Axel von Blixen-Finecke, This page was last edited on 29 August 2020, at 18:53. Infoplease is a reference and learning site, combining the contents of an encyclopedia, a dictionary, an atlas and several almanacs loaded with facts. At Ferdinand's death, Ferdinand's grandson, Charles I, became ruler of all the Iberian kingdoms except Portugal. The King of France complains that I have twice deceived him. Some of the Muslims who remained were mudéjar artisans, who could design and build in the Moorish style. He belongs to the Alaouite dynasty and ascended to the throne on 23 July 1999 upon the death of his father, King Hassan II. Having gained some note as French minister to Parma and Rome, he became (1797) a member of the Council of Five Hundred for Corsica. Napoleon forced him to abdicate because Louis, more concerned for the interests of the Dutch people than for those of France, defied the ruinous Continental System. He became jure uxoris King of Castile when Isabella succeeded her deceased brother in 1474 to be crowned as Queen Isabella I of Castile. The main difference between one source from another, is that of In it she spelled out the succession to the crown of Castile, leaving it to Joanna and then to Joanna's son Charles. [2], Princess Augusta became a widow in 1873. The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Joseph, 1768–1844, was the eldest of the children of Carlo and Letizia to survive infancy. Learn about one of the world's oldest and most popular religions. Napoleon I was born a year after Joseph, in 1769. She was thus a niece of king Christian VIII of Denmark. During their reign they supported each other effectively in accordance to his joint motto of equality: "Tanto monta [or monta tanto], Isabel como Fernando" ("They amount to the same, Isabel and Ferdinand"). In 1506, as part of a treaty with France, Ferdinand married Germaine of Foix of France, but Ferdinand's only son and child of that marriage died soon after birth. His wife Isabella, daughter Joanna, and son-in-law Philip rest beside him there.

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