According to the 2011 Nepal census, Bahun is the second most populous group after Chhetri in Nepal. [6] Kumai or Kumain is a direct derivative of Kumaoni, meaning residents of Kumaon. Bahuns mainly served as priests, teachers and astrologers as per their caste. Recent research has also shown that when it comes to Nepali people's impressions of social change, "Poverty, Human Resources and Region" explain more of the variation than "Ethnicity, Caste or Religious belonging" – i.e. 2017-18 even though 45% governmental seats are reserved for women, Madhesis, lower caste and tribes, people with disability and those from the backward regions. The Nepalese caste system was the traditional system of social stratification of Nepal. [12], Caste-origin Hill Parbatiya Hindu groups/Khas, Caste-origin Madhesh Hindu groups/Madheshi Hindus. New content will be added above the current area of focus upon selection They have become major decision makers in the bureaucracy of Nepal has become crystal clear. 71–88, This page was last edited on 25 October 2020, at 13:02. Among those 73.8% in higher education belong to higher castes, 22.0% Janajatis and 2.9% Dalit.[9].
In 1963, Legal Code was replaced by New 1964 Legal Code. 46, No. [7] Bahuns are the largest group in 15 districts in Nepal: Jhapa, Morang, Kathmandu, Chitwan, Nawalparasi, Rupandehi, Kaski, Syangja, Parbat, Gulmi and Arghakhanchi. Brahmin, Khas, Garhwali, Kshetri, Thakuri Bahun (Khas Brahmin) (Nepali: बाहुन) are group of people belonging to Brahmin caste in Khas group, an Indo-Aryan ethno-linguistic group. [3] The law also comprised Prāyaścitta (avoidance and removal of sin) and Ācāra (the customary law of different castes and communities). Generally, the Parvate/Pahari (hilly) Brahmins are called as Bahuns or Khas Bahuns. Despite the forceful integration by the state into the pan-Hindu social structure, the traditionally non-Hindu groups and tribes do not necessarily adhere to the customs and practices of the caste system. In 2001 the CBS recorded only nine groups in the caste-origin Hill Hindu groups.
Broad Ethnic Categories of Nepal (2011 Census) Rank Broad Ethnic Category Sub-Category Sub-Category Percentage Race/linguistic family Population Percentage 1 Khas/ Khas-Arya/ Parbate (Hill Caste Group) Khas (Chhetri) 16.60% Indo-Aryan: 39.37% Khas (Bahun) 12.18% Khas (Dalit) 8.12% Khas (Thakuri) 1.61% Khas (Dashnami) 0.86% 2 Janajati-Hill − − the Question when caste system arrived in Nepal is actually unsolved. How Do Different People Assess Social Change In Nepal? The legal recognition to caste and all the discriminatory laws made on the grounds of caste were ceased. This group presents a complicated social structure that only reflects the model of four Hindu varna categories, itis also clearly divided into two distinct religious groups: the Hindu and the Buddhist. If these major three castes (Khas Brahmin & Chhetris, and Newars) combine together their shares in the Government of Nepal, civil service employment is 89.2% in 1991. [4][5], Hierarchies of Major Caste/Ethnic Groups in Nepal according to Muluki Ain:[6][7], Terai – Brahmin (referred in the code as Indian Brahmin) (no mention of Terai Kshatriya groups), Gurkha tribes - Gurung, Magar, Rai and Limbu, Tamang people. Most notable contradiction is the inclusion of previously non-Hindu tribes "Adivasi Janajati" groups, as well as non-Nepalis including Muslims and Europeans into the hierarchical fold. Full list of family names of hilly, Himalayas, terai, madhesh regions. [1], The social structure of caste-origin Hill Hindu or Khas groups is simple, reflecting only three groups in hierarchy, with the distinct absence of the Vaishya and Shudra varnas. Nepal: Growth of a Nation. Terai occupational castes – Dhobi, Halkhor, Chamar, Dushad, Dom, Musahars, etc. The Dalits who constitute 12.8 percent of the total population of the country have no representation in the higher echelons of power' (Gurung, H. 2006). [2] Possibly due to political power of the Khasa Malla kingdom, Khas Bahun and Khas Rajput (Chhetris) had high social status as indigenous plain Brahmins and Rajputs in the present-day western Nepal. More than fifty (52.0%) of Hill Dalits, 47.0% of the Tarai Dalits, 48.0% of the Muslims and 30 percent of the Hill Adivasi Janajatis have never been to school. Opposingly, it is widely known that the Bahun-Chhetri dominance was based on formal legal system and the guilt of state capture is targeted by quota-reservation supporters. According to 2011 Nepal census, Brahman/Bahun stands as second most populous group after Chhetri in Nepal. Their dominance is reflected in education, administration and economical activities of the nation. From Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bahun&oldid=7167145, "Related ethnic groups" needing confirmation, Articles using infobox ethnic group with image parameters, Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License, 32 lakhs (12.2% of Nepal), as per Nepal Census 2011. According to 1854 Muluki Ain (Legal Code) of Nepal, Bahuns belong to sacred thread bearers (Yagyopavit) and twice born (Dvija) Hindus.[1]. The caste system is still intact today but the rules are not as rigid as they were in the past. It was rooted in traditional Hindu Law and codified social practices for several centuries in Nepal. [7], Bahuns have the highest civil service representation with 39.2% of Nepal's bureaucracy while having only 12.1% of Nepal's total population. Bahun or Khas Brahmin(Nepali: खस ब्राह्मण) or Nepali Brahman is a caste among Khas people, whose origins are from Indo-Aryans of Northern India. The law also comprised Prāyaścitta (avoidance and removal of sin) and Ācāra (the customary law of different castes and communities). [5], Bahuns were divided into two clans on the basis of residency. Caste, State, and Ethnic Boundaries in Nepal. Acharya, Adhikari, Amgain/Apagain, Aryal/Arjyel, Awasthi, Bajgain, Banjade, Banskota, Banstola, Baral, Bastakoti, Bhandari, Bhatta, Bhattarai, Bhurtel , Bhusal, Burlakoti, Chalise, Chataut, Chapagain, Chaugain, Chaulagain, Dahal, Dawadi/Duwadi, Devkota, Dhakal, Dhital, Dhungana, Dhungel, Dixit, Gautam, Gelal, Ghimire, Ghorasaini, Guragain, Gyawali, Humagain, Jaishi, Jamarkattel, Joshi, Kafle, Kattel, Khanal, Kharel/ Kharal ,Kuikel ,Khatiwada, Koirala, Lamichhane, Lamsal, Lekhak, Lohani, Luintel, Mainali, Marasini, Mishra, Nepal, Neupane, Niroula, Ojha, Oli, Padhya, Pandey, Pandit, Paneru, Panta, Parajuli, Pathak, Phuyal, Pokharel/Pokhrel, Poudel/Paudyal/Poudar(hill), Prasain, Pudasaini, Rijal, Rimal, Regmi, Rupakheti, Sanjel, Sangroula, Sapkota, Sedhain, Sharma, Shiwakoti, Sigdel, Sitoula, Subedi, Thapaliya, Timsina/Timalsina, Tiwari, Tripathi,Trital, Upadhyaya, Upreti, Wagle, Wasti/Osti, etc.
THAPA LHOSAR KARKI TAMANG GHATI MATHI MATHNA PRADHAN AHA BHATRI SHAH GURUNG MAHARAJ BUSNATE LAMA GHATRIKA MARITA ASUDHI MATRI BHANDRI BHANDARI Kathmandu has largest Bahun population with 410,126 people (23.5%). It was an attempt to include the entire Hindu as well as non-Hindu population of Nepal of that time into a single hierarchic civic code from the perspective of the Khas rulers. This page was last changed on 2 November 2020, at 08:08.
Social exclusion and Maoist insurgency. [11] In terms of education, 88.0% of Khas Brahmins & Chhetris, and Newars have access to school, 12.0% have never been to school. This dominance has emerged a critical condition for Bahun and Chhetri males for depriving of opportunities due to quota and reservation for other castes. Human Resources Development Research Center, Kathmandu. The population of Newars is around 5%, but its occupancy in Civil Service is more than one-thirds (33.2%), the population of Khas-Chhetris constitutes 17.6% but its participation is mere 14.7%. Bahun (Nepali: बाहुन) or Khas Brahmin[2] (Nepali: खस ब्राह्मण) is a caste (Varna) among Khas people, whose origins are from Indo-Aryans of Nepal.
[citation needed] Education is free and open to all castes. However, since the unification of Nepal in the 18th century, Nepal's various non-Hindu indigenous nationalities and tribes, previously called "Matwalis" (alcohol-drinkers) and now termed as "Adivasi/Janajati" (indigenous/nationalities), have been incorporated within the caste hierarchy to varying degrees of success. The caste system conjoints a structural class divide which persists, in which lower castes/ethnicities are generally socio-economically are not equal like those of higher castes/ethnicities.
Bahuns were able to hold government offices, administration and politics. Generally, the Parvate/Pahari (hilly) Brahmins are called as Bahuns or Khas Bahuns. [2] Bahuns, regarded as upper class Khas group together with Chhetri, were associated mostly with the Gorkha Kingdom.
These values were seen as a potent instrument of Rana political repression. (Census, 2001), In recent times, following the overthrow of the Nepali monarchy and move towards a federal republic, ethnicity and caste have taken center stage – the indigenous peoples (Adivasi Janajati) who make up a third of the country having been guaranteed rights that have not yet been fulfilled. The Nepali civil code Muluki Ain was commissioned by Jung Bahadur Rana after his European tour and enacted in 1854. 38,193. [6], According to the 2011 Nepal census, Bahuns (referred as Hill-Brahmin) are the second most populous group after Chhetri with 12.2% of Nepal's population (or 32,26,903 people). The mother tongue of these groups is Nepali.